Antarctic+Ecosystem

Hello my name is Maria castro and I am from class 5-5B Here are my five facts.
1. Antarctica is the souther most continenton earth. 2. Most of antartica is corered in ice over 1.6 kilometres thick (1 mile). 3. The name ''Antarctica ' comes from a greek word meaning 'opposite ' to the north. 4. Well know animals that live in antactica include penguins and seals. 5. Antarctica is bigger than europe.

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https://ny.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ipy09.sci.life.eco.seals/studying-antarctic-seals/#.Wvw7r-4vywU this is about some people helping the seals to servie and that the seals have a good life

=hi my name is nevaeha morales and i will show you my five fact my class is **5-888**=

1. antarctica is the bigist plase on earth. 2. The name arctic comes from a greek word meaning near the bear.

3. some of anmils get cold because they do not live there. 4. arcti is the coldest place on earth. 5. arctic has a lot of anmil

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Antarctica is the coldest, driest, windiest, and iciest continent on earth.It was the last continent to be explored. It is the only continent with no permanent residents. Antarctica is the fifth largest continent on earth. IT cover over five million square miles. Only two perecent of antarctica is not coverd by ice.
 * 1 The defenshion of ecosystem # A biobgical community of interacting organisms and their**
 * physicl environisms .**


 * 2 The natural home or environment of an animal plant or a thing**


 * 3 place or position something in a niche**

=Hello my name is Tysheem Anderson and m from class 5-3.here are five facts above out An= = =

i think antarctica is going
= = = = =tarctica ecosystem=

**5 Antarctica is is bigger then europe and almost**
==

=__//**Definitions**//__=

**By Tysheem Anderson**
//__**SHORT**__ __**Summary**__//

10 ways that kids can save antartica 503 here are 5 fact
1.pay attention to what you are buying

Goblol Warming is effecting Antarctica The ICE IS SRARTING TO brecak down.
==My focus on the Antarctica ecosystem is to reduce global warming.What global warming does to the Antarctica ecosystem is it melt the icescapes which polar bears dont have land to hunt their prey or to sleep.Global warming is a change in climate.==

Five facts about Antartica ecosystem:
= = =//__**Definitions**__//=
 * 1) == The animals that are in Antarctica most famous is penguins,seals,killer whales. ==
 * 2) == 90% of ice is found in Antarctica. ==
 * 3) == Two volcanoes exist that are active in Antarctica. ==
 * 4) == Sea levels would rise up to 60-65 meters high if all the ice in Antarctica to melt. ==
 * 5) == while Antarctica features harsh living conditions,a number of plants and animals have to adapt climate,in order to live and the animals that live in Antarctica homes are called the icy home. ==


 * 1) == Ecosystem: An ecosystem is made up of living things and nonliving things. ==
 * 2) == population:A population is made up of different organisms. ==
 * 3) == Community:A community can be divide into different groups. ==
 * 4) == Habitat:A habitat is the home of many organisms. ==
 * 5) == Niche:A niche is part of the environment where they have a place. ==
 * 6) == Biome:A biome is large region of earth that has a certain climate and with organisms. ==

by Abraham Perez
=//__**Short Summary**__//=

== what I have learned about Antarctica is how their famous animals live in antarctica.Antarctica is the only continent without reptiles.Also Antarctica is the coldest,windiest,highest,and driest continent in the world.antarctica is the largest desert in the world.winds can reach up to 200 miles per hour.Antarctica was first spotted in 1820.20 years late it was confirmed to be a continent.Mountain are buried of ice.If the west Antarctica ice sheet melted entirely it would raise global average sea levels by 16 feet or 60 meters. == == Antarctica is melting and Antarctica is losing ice mass.Giant ice sheets are melting,antarctica is losing ice at an accelerating time.The loss of sea based ice allows Antarctica ice to move fast towards the ocean and the rate loss of Antarctica ice.If Antarctica was to melt the sea levels would rise up to 70 meters or (230 feet).Melting sea ice will not raise sea water level.Antarctica is losing more ice every year.also in winter its cold in Antarctica so it extends the percent of ice for example 90% of ice is found in Antarctica and will add more and maybe it might overpass 90%.The ice sheets is melting.Since the ice sheets is melting the aniamls dont have a platform for them to walf.For example the polor bear needs an ice sheet for them to walk because if the ice sheets melt the polor bears can drown. ==

= 10 ways to save the earth =

10. climate change is the biggest threat facing to the antarctica ecosystem
= =

=//__I hoped you enjoyed it!__//= =//__ Hello my name is Oscar Ramales and I'm from class __//= =//__ Here are my five facts about Antarctica enjoy: __//= = 1.Antarctica is surrounded by the southern ocean. =

5.while antartica Is features harsh living conditions,a number of plants and animals have adapted to survive and call the icy continent home.
=__Definition__= =__**//Hi my name is Oscar Ramales and I'm from class 5-3 and this what I learned about Antartica Enjoy again//**!__= = = = 1. ecosystem: an ecosystem is made up of and nonliving things that interact with each other. = = 2.population:a population is made up of just one type of organism. = = 3.community:a community is can be divided into different populations. = = 4..habitat: a habitat is the natural home or enviroment of an animal,plant,or other organism. = = 5.Niche:a niche is part of the Enviroment into which a species fits,and to which it is adapted. = = 6.Biome:a biome is large region of earth that has a certain climate an certain types of living things. = = =

//__**Short Summary:**__//
= The recorded temperature on earth occurred in 1983 at vostok station Antarctica,measuring a rather chilly-82-2°C(-128.6°f). The Next thing I learned is that 90° is ice and the 10° is water and know the ice is turning to water and there is more water than ice now, that is really bad. The last thing that I learned is the Antarctica's features harsh living conditions,a number of plants and animals have adapted to survive and call the ice continent home,we have to save the world by protecting our earth,I hoped you enjoyed this help keep the earth safe!! = = My second paragraph is going to be about that Antarctica ice is melting because of the global that is happening because the factory's and the garbage that the people that throw stuff sometimes me we are hurting the earth. Another thing is that so many animals in the ocean on the bottom of the ice when the earth is turning warm the icy fish are going to die in the water because it is so hot in the water.My last sentence about this paragraph is about we have so many earthquakes and much more natural disasters because we are hurting the earth by sending so much poplution we put all over the world. = == My third paragraph is about how many animals does antarctica have.My idea is that is impossible to find out how many animals live in antarctica,but some animals are extinct I think it is easy to count but it is hard for people to count by hand because the ice is melting and because it is really cold.Another second sentence is that some animals are like cute because some are cut,some are even chubby,some are even dangerous.My last sentence is that some animals are already extinct and we can see them because there died ==

=__ 10 ways you can do to save the earth : __=

5.We can use less electricity ,coal,and gas are common sources to turn into electricity
= 6.do not waste light = = 7.borrow books instead of buying books = = 8.do not use nature as art = = 9.do not do pollution = = 10.stop harming nature =

=__//10 things you can do to save the Antarctica://__= = 1.you can help the animals = = 2.stop harming nature = = 3.use the water of Antarctica = = 4.do not fly in the sky = = 5.reduce space heating requirements = = 6.eat less meat = = 7.you need to drink tap water = = 8.you need to buy local food = = 9.do not play ready meals = = 10.help not let the ice defreeze =

=__My area of focus:__= = I am going to focus on the ice sheets that got affected of global warming.Global warming is a gradual increased in the overall temperture in the Earth's atmosphere caused by the carbon dioxide,chlorofluorocarbons and other pollutants.We caused the ice sheets to melt because we caused global warming and now we need to fix it.The ice sheets got affected and now we need to find a way,the only way is to stop global warming.stop using cars,buses,and other transportation.stop using factories because that affects our layer that protects us from the sun radition .this is my main focus about Antarctica. = = =

=figure 1:global warming affecting antarctica=

=figure 2 : polar bears=

=figure 3:Antarctica picture=



Figure 7: Antarctica food pyramid


**Figure 8:Energy diagram**

Hello my name is jose tejeda and i'm from class 5-2 and here are my five facts about the rainforest.

3.The forest floor
=The forestfloor has many bact=

**4.there are no countries in Antartic: the continent is governed by an international treaty (the Antartica**
=**5.the first confirmed sighting of the continent was in 1820**=

short summary
==The lowest temperature ever recorded on earth was at russia's vostok station in antarctica: -892.c (-128.6F on 21st .The first confirmed sighting of the continent was in 1820.about 70% of earth fresh water is in the antarctic ice cap==

10 avoid air travel
Hello my name is Anthony Ferreira from class 5-2 Here are 5 facts about antarctica ecosystem 1 Antarctica is the coldest continent 2 Antarctica was found in 1820 3 Peopel reached the south pole in 1911 4 Antarctica is mostly made up of ice 5 Antarctica has a wind speed of 200 miles per hours







The definition of ecosystem is a place where living things such as animals and plants that share a enviorment The definition of community is a particular area people live in The definition of population is people or inhabitants in a country or region The definition of niche is a recess in a wall for especially a statue The definition of biome is a ecological cummunity such as a tropical rainforest, grassland,and desert The definition of habitat is a place where living things live in The definition of food web is a food chain that intergrates like a network The definition of food chain is the series of steps by which energy is obtained The definition of food pyramid is a nutritional diagram in the shape of a pyramid The definition of energy pyramid is a depciton of the amount of energy in each trophic level of an ecosystem

Today I will be talking about the facts about Antartica and what I have learned so far about Antartica

First,Antartica is the coldest continent on the planet,Also Antartica was discovered in the 1820s,and in the early 1900s peopel reached the south pole.Antartica is mostly made of ice than actual land,and Antartica has a strong wind speed that can reach up to a 200 miles per hour.In addition Antartica has food cain that flows like energy,Forexampel,the seal gets the energy the fish has from eating it and the the whale gets the energy that the seal has.Also in Antartica the animal that are in the enviorment are called an ecosystem.also in Antartica animals live in the very cold ocean such as seals fish whale and many more animals although some animals live on the land such as poler bears,penguins,and some seals.Another fact is the animals have a food web such as a killer whale eats the leoprad seal and the penguin also gets eaten by the killer whale which means that the killer whale gets the most energy out of the Leoprad seal and the penguin.in my opinion the antartica had a great discovery and the animals food chain and food web and the ecosystem was a great experience. I hope you enjoyed my short summary.


 * Hello my name is Andrik** **Tan from class 5-777**

=this is Antarctica food chain.=

=this is the Antarctica food chain.=



=this is the Antarctica food pyramid.=

=**Hello, my name is Annira Benitez. I am working on the //__ Antarctica __// ecosystem with my partners Nana Kamissoko and Jaquelyn Alvarez. Here you will find all kinds of information on Antarctica! //Enjoy :)//**= = = =Hello, my name is Annira Benitez and today I will tell 5 __INTERESTING__ facts about this ecosystem=

=__ Annira's 5 Facts on Antarctica: __=

= 1.) The first confirmed sighting of the continent was in 1820 = = 2.) Because Antarctica lies in the southern hemisphere, seasons there are the opposite of seasons in the north — summer runs from October to February and winter covers the remainder of the year. = = 3.) Antarctica is the driest continent; it is almost entirely desert. Very little snow or rain falls on the continent, but because it is so cold, the small amount of precipitation that does fall does not melt = = 4.) Antarctica is the coldest continent; temperatures in the winter can drop below –73°C (-100°F) = = 5.) Explorers first reached the South Pole in 1911 =

= There you go! I hope this helped you one way or another! =

=-Annira Benitez =

=Hello, my name is Annira Benitez and today I will show you important words that matter for you to know what an ecosystem is! Enjoy!=

=__ Annira's Definitions on Ecosystem Words: __= = = =2.) Population: All the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or count = = 3.) Community: a group of people/ animals living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common **. **= =4.) Niche: P lace or position in a niche = =5.) Biome: A large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat =
 * 1.) Ecosystem: A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. **

=There you go! I hope this helped you one way or another!= =-Annira Benitez= 

=Hello, my name is Annira Benitez and today, I will show you 6 (2 of each of each subject) pictures of an __ Arctic Energy Pyramid __, __ Food Chain __, and an __ Arctic Food Web __. Enjoy! :)=

=__ Here is my Arctic Energy Pyramid __=

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=__ Here is my Arctic food chain __=

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=__ Here is my Arctic Food Web __=



=Okay, so I hope that these pictures helped whoever is reading this!! :) If you want to see more specific pictures of this category you should go see my partners Nana and Jaquelyn's work because their work is good as well! :)=

= Hello, my name is Annira Benitez and today I will tell you how Antarctica is in danger with 2 main problems. =

=__Antarctica is in great DANGER!!!: __=

Scientists have proven that Antarctica's ice caps are SHRINKING because they have melted!!

 Antarctica global warming has become a burning issue of the present time. Global warming in Antarctica will pose a serious threat to the rise in water level. Hence, Antarctica global warming has become a great concern for the scientists and researchers.  As most of this continent is covered by ice, the impact of global warming is more acutely felt here. With the increase in the number of automobiles, air pollution has been on the increase in the last 20 years. This is one of the major causes of global warming. Moreover, the chimneys of the factories all over the world emit various types of gases, which pollute the air to a great extent. If the air continues to get polluted at such a fast rate, it will definitely cause a rise in the general temperature throughout the world. And the MAIN reasons for this to happen is for 2 reasons and 2 things ONLY: Us (as in people in general) and Global Warming..... Because if you really want to be accurate, we are actually the one and only reasons because WE are the ones who cause global warming, global warming doesn't happen on its own. So lets put it this way, And the MAIN reasons for this to happen is for 2 1 reasons and 2 1 things ONLY: Us (as in people in general) and Global Warming...... Don't you know that we are the one of the reasons of why soon the Arctic will be nonexistent? We have driven some Antarctic species to the verge of extinction for economic benefit, killed and disturbed other species, contaminated the soils, discharged sewage to the sea and left rubbish, cairns and tracks in even the most remote parts. For all of our foolish mistakes, we are costing many of those arctic animals' homes.  The evidence that humans are causing global warming is strong, but the question of what to do about it remains controversial. Economics, sociology, and politics are all important factors in planning for the future.  Even if we stopped emitting greenhouse gasses today, the Earth would still warm by another degree Fahrenheit or so. But what we do from today forward makes a big difference. Depending on our choices, scientists predict that the Earth could eventually warm by as little as 2.5 degrees or as much as 10 degrees Fahrenheit.  A commonly cited goal is to stabilize GHG concentrations at 450-550 parts per million (ppm), or about twice pre-industrial levels. This is the point at which many believe the most damaging impacts of climate change can be avoided. Current concentrations are about 380 ppm, which means there isn't much time to lose. According to the IPCC, we'd have to reduce GHG emissions by 50% to 80% of what they're on track to be in the next century to reach this level.  Burning fossil fuels increases the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and carbon dioxide is a major contributor to the greenhouse effect and global warming. You can help to reduce the demand for fossil fuels, which in turn reduces global warming by using energy more wisely.  The Antarctic Peninsula has a temperature that has risen over 2.5 degrees over the last 50 years. This is two or three times faster than the rest of the world. The other region of Antarctica that is not the Antarctic Peninsula – 96% shows no sign of rising of water or loss of ice. But if the temperature keeps rising this will change. If this keeps happening, then the whole world might flood. In West Antarctica, there is a massive ice shelf that would take 100,000 years to melt, (raise sea levels by 16 feet) but if we don’t do something about global warming, then some dramatic things may start to happen.  The state of the global climate is shifting drastically out of proportion with the natural balance of the earth.  The Antarctic ice cap is melting and losing mass at a drastic rate.  This increase in greenhouse gases has caused a hole in the ozone layer which has increased climate at the north pole. An increase in the climate there has caused a climate change in Antarctica including an increase in ice levels around certain regions. This is because the winds produced by this climate change have caused a warming change to the western coast of Antarctica while increasing cooling trends elsewhere.  This means that we will see more drastic weather changes and more species of living organisms going extinct. The primary cause for this shift in global climate is the increase in greenhouse gases. Well, instead of people just reacting to all of this happening, how about we finally __DO__ something about it? So for all us to get an idea of how we can ACTUALLY HELP is the following information below. I will state the problems in Antarctica due to us/ global warming and how we can prevent more damage:

**__ Problems in Antarctica: __**

=__ What effects Global Warming does to Antarctica: __= = ~Climate change (in other words global warming) make glaciers and ice shelves melt =

=__ What effects we do to Antarctica: __= = ~People transporting invasive species in like rats or deer on ships = = And here comes the big one: = = ~Environmental damage caused by scientists and tourists visiting the continent = As my points cleared the most damage was caused by what people have done.

The solution people have thought of is that terms of reducing the number of invasive pests, rat and reindeer are already being removed in South Georgia. Ships must be as rat-free as possible, and containers showing signs of rat damage are not loaded onto the shore. Dogs and other non-native animals are no longer allowed in Antarctica.  There are many solutions to Antarctica melting but the hard part is letting people know how bad this situation is. People need t o know that if we don’t do something, then terrible things will start to happen. Here are some solutions. <span style="color: #a5debc; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 25px;">• Alcohol – run cars <span style="color: #a5debc; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 25px;">• Solar Powered cars  <span style="color: #a5debc; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 25px;">• Solar & Nuclear energy  <span style="color: #a5debc; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 25px;">• Raising the price on products that lets out lots of Co2 so people will be reluctant to buy them. Whereas, we must remember: __ Reducing the effects of climate change mean ____ s reducing our CO2 emissions. This means everyone making the effort to turn off lights, recycle, walk to work, take public transport, and so on. __

Global Warming does not only happen in Antarctica, so that's why we must TRY to eventually abolish it or at least take damage off it!!!

<span style="color: #849684; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 25px;">Well, hopefully in the future everyone will know how bad this actually is. With some thought out decisions and everyone pitching in, we might have lowered these temperatures down a bit. But if we don’t actually start to do anything, the whole world may flood! Temperatures rising can be a big thing to the way our world works. Some species of fish may die out and affect the food chain. If we don’t do something, <span style="color: #849684; display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 25px; text-align: justify;">everything will change. <span style="color: #fc7148; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 25px;"> If you would like to know where to get more information you can check: https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/basics/ <span style="color: #fc7148; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 25px;"> I hope my reasoning inspired you to take place and help to decrease CO2 emissions! = = = =

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwS3zEOyGy2YazYzLVdJNVJ0dkU/view = = =<span style="color: #fc7148; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.5;">Bye! :) = <span style="color: #eb1212; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 25px;"> -Annira Benitez

=__Antarctica__= =**__Antarctic Project By :__ Nana Kamissoko, Jaquelyn Alvarez, and Annira Benitez**= =Hello, my name is Nana Kamissoko I am working on the Antarctic ecosystem with my partner Jaquelyn these are the five facts I have researched on Antarctic ecosystem.=

=1.)The Antarctic region is found in the northernmost part of earth= =2.)The name antarctic comes from a Greek word meaning near the bear= =3.)Over the recent years, the Antarctic region has shrunk due to global warming= =4.)The coldest recorded temperature in the antarctic is around -68 degrees c (-90 degrees f)= =5.)The Antarctic region is home to the north pole=

=Hello my name is Nana Kamissoko here are the definitions of words I researched.= =**__What is an ecosystem?__**= =An ecosystem includes all the organisms in an area and environment in which they live.= =__What is a population ?__= =All the organisms of one kind in an ecosystem are called a population.= =__**What is a community ?**__= =**Populations living and interacting with each other form a community .**= =**__What is a niche ?__**= =**A niche is when an organism has a specific role in an ecosystem.**= =__**What is a biome**__**?**= =**The term biome means the main groups of plants and animals**=

=**Hello, my name is Nana Kamissoko me and my partners Annira Benitez and Jaquelyn Alvarez are working on Antarctica here are my pictures on there food chain energy pyramid and food chain .**= =__ Energy Pyramid Diagram: __= == This diagram shows how the antarctic animals eat each other in order to survive. =//__Food Chain Diagram:__//=



=This diagram also shows that.= =This is another great photo of __//**Antarctica Food Web**//__= ==

=Hello, my name is Nana Kamissoko and I am here to show you a very important issue that is happening in Antarctica. Here is my explanation on it; enjoy!=

=//__Let's STOP Global warming in Antarctica:__//= =Do you wanna stop this crisis with Antarctica this is all you have to do: READ THIS AND STOP THIS NOW !!!!!!= =As you know us humans breathe out CO2 making global warming affects rise so we can not stop that but we can RECYCLE ! Which, we all take for granted but CAN save Antarctica the next time you think to leave the lights on when no ones around think about those Arctic animals aka polar bears in need please do it for them.= =

= =__ANTARCTICA IS BEING HARMED__ Antarctic environments are being harmed in the following ways.....=

=* Climate Change resulting melting glaciers and ice shelves .(The Climate Change is due to the major problem __GLOBAL WARMING.__=

***People transporting invasive species in like rat or deer on ships.**

*** Environmental damage caused by scientist and tourist visiting the continent.**

=Reducing the effects of climate change means reducing our co2 emissions.=

**__Th__****__ese are just some of the interesting facts on this website I totally recommend you checking it out__** = = http://www.antarcticglaciers.org/question/various-solutions-humans-can-help-preserve-antarctica-reduce-effects-enhanced-climate-change/ =Thank you for reading my points on how we can save this ecosystem I hope you learn from this. I rest my case.=

=__**Hello my name is Jaquelyn Alvarez and me and my partners Nana Kamissoko and Annira Benitez are here to give you more 5 facts on Antarctic **__= =**__ Jaquelyn's 5 Facts: __**= ** 1.)The name Antarctica comes from a Greek word meaning 'opposite to the north' **

= 2.)Antarctica is bigger than Europe and almost double the size of Australia = = 3.)The coldest record temperature on Earth occurred in 1983 at Vostok station, Antartica measuring a rather chilly-89.2°C (-128.6°f) = = 4.)Antarctica is the coldest, windiest, highest and driest continent on the planet = = 5.)Antarctica's ice is so heavy that it deforms the south p ole, in f act, its weight makes the Earth look slightly pear shaped. =

=__Hello, my Name is Jaquelyn Alvarez and today me and my partners Annira and Nana are her to show some informational pictures.__= =__ Food web: __=



=Food web picture #2:= == =__Here's Antarctica's Energy pyramid:__=

=__Antarctica's energy pyramid #2:__= =__Here's Antarctica's Food chain:__=

=__Antarctica's food chain #2:__= ** Well, that's all I have for today.Check out my partners work because they did a great job.I hope this was useful! Goodbye! :) **

=Hello, this is Jaquelyn Alvarez and today I will post up 2 pictures of that one thing I've been working on. = = GLOBAL WARMING = == =**Here is my second picture!**= =** That is my second picture.I hope you enjoy Bye! **=

=__Brendalin's Five Facts:__= ** Brendalin's 5 facts on the Artic: **

=//1.)// The Arctic has a lot of different types of penguins= =2.) In the oceans of the Arctic, it has shrimps and a lot more= =3.) The Arctic has a lot of polar bears and a lot more animals= =4.) The Arctic has the temperature of 68 degrees= =5.) The Arctic can also be very cold and the weather can change=

= __What is an ecosystem?__ = =__ An ecosystem is a complex set of relationships among living resources,habitats,and residents of an area. __= =__ What is a population? __= =__ A population is a group of living organisms of the same species has the same creatures living in the same habitat. __=

=__ what is a community? __= = = __ A place that supports the people who live there __ = =  __ What is a Niche? __  An organism's 'niche' is its place in the system: where it is found, what it eats, what eats it, how and where it gets food, etc. = =

5)in wintertime the sea ice around Antarctica grows at the rate of 40,000 squares miles a day.
=This is the food web I hope you enjoy.=

[[image:alchemistclub/hola.gif width="585" height="680"]]
==

==

__Ecosystem:__
=A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.=

__Population:__
=All the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country.=

__Community:__
=A group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common=

__Niche:__
A term describing the relational position of a species or population in an ecosystem

__Biome:__ =A large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat=

Antarctica's population is very difficult to account since the number is very small and varies during the year. Antarctica has a permanent human population of zero because nobody own Antarctica. Antarctica is the southernmost continent on earth and it's surround by the southern ocean. Antarctica is bigger than Europe and almost double the size of Australia. Because Antarctica experiences such little rain, Antarctica is considered the driest place. <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 942px; width: 1px;">https://pixabay.com/en/antarctica-ice-caps-mountains-482686/ <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 1599px; width: 1px;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fdgg58px1DI <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 1663.5px; width: 1px;"> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Asha Battles, Janice Benitez, JiaJun Zhang IB Biology R3 Magistra Houshangi 17 December 2015 <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**__Design__**

<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Research Question: How does changing the pH of the H 2 O 2 affect catalase activity?

<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Background Paragraph: Catalase are enzymes, therefore they are proteins, and have specific folds in its polypeptide chains due to the hydrogen bonds between R- groups. When the pH is changed, the level of H+ ions in the environment is also changed and can affect the hydrogen bonds. Since catalase is an enzyme, it is expected to have an optimal pH where activity will peak. As the pH deviates away from this specific range, catalase activity will decrease. Since catalase is found in the liver, which is a neutral environment, its optimal pH level is around the pH of 7.

<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hypothesis: When decreasing or increasing the pH level of the H 2 O 2 from a pH of 7, and therefore changing the environment of catalase from its neutral state, catalase activity will decrease.

<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Variables:**

__Safety:__
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Variable || <span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Type || <span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">How it will be tested ||
 * pH of H 2 O 2 solution || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Independent ||  We will use pH buffers to alter the pH of the H 2 O 2 solution to the desired ph of {3,5,7,9,11}.  ||
 * Time for potato pulp to float to the surface of the H 2 O 2 solution || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dependent || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Using a stopwatch, we will start the timer when the pulp is added and stop when the potato pulp reaches the top. We will measure the time it takes for the potato pulp to reach the top ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Mass of potato pulp || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Constant || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Weigh the 2.0 grams potato on a digital scale. We will weigh each sample to ensure that each trial and condition uses the same mass of potato pulp. ||
 * Volume of H 2 O 2 solution || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Constant ||  Using a graduated cylinder, we will measure exactly 15 mL and then transfer it to the test tube. For every trial and condition, the volume of the H 2 O 2 solution will remain the same.  ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Substrate concentration || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Constant || The concentration of the H 2 O 2 will remain constant by using the stock solution of H 2 O 2, which is 6% H 2 O 2 .  ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Volume of Test Tubes || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Constant || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We will use test tubes of the same volume (35 mL) and the same height, in order to maintain the height that the potato pulp rises constantly. ||
 * Temperature of the H 2 O 2 solution || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Constant || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The temperature of the solutions would remain constant at room temperature which is approximately 27°C. ||

__Materials:__
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Potential concerns || <span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">How will you address it ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Spills || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Gloves to protect the skin ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Splashes || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Safety goggles to protect the eyes ||
 * H2O2 (6% v/V)
 * Filter paper
 * Forceps
 * 35 mL test tubes
 * Safety goggles
 * Stop Watch
 * Scale
 * Acidic and Alkaline buffer solutions
 * pH test strips

__Diagram:__



Method:

1. Measure 15 mL of 6% concentration H2O2 using the graduated cylinder and transfer the H2O2 solution to a 35 mL test tube. 2. Add drops of the buffer solution into the test tube with the H2O2 solution and test the pH with pH test strips. The pH of the H2O2 solution should be 3,5,7,9, and 11, for each condition respectively. 3. Measure 2.0 grams of potato pulp using a scale. 4. Using forceps, place the potato pulp into the H2O2 solution. At he same time, start the timer on a stopwatch. 5. Stop the timer on the stopwatch when the potato pulp rises to the surface of the solution. Record the time.

<span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 2677.5px; width: 1px;"> <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 3107px; width: 1px;"> <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 3386px; width: 1px;"> <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 6813.5px; width: 1px;"> <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 7428px; width: 1px;">HELLO,my name is John Paul Amaro and my partners are Robinson Reyes a =Hello, my name is Robinson Reyes and my partners are John Paul Amaro and Jostin Coyac and we found 5 facts about our ecosystem, which is the Arctic.= =__F____acts about the arctic by Robinson Reyes__= =1.Antarctica is the most southern continent in the world.= =2.The south pole is found in Antarctica.= =3.Antarctica is surrounded by the southern ocean= =4.Antarctica is bigger than Europe and almost twice the size of Australia.= =5.Most of the Antarctica is covered with ice.= This is a food web about my ecosystem,which is the Arctic. This is a food pyramid of my ecosystem,which is the Arctic.

=What Up My Name Is Coyac Franco And This Are My 5 Facts= 1.) Antartica fist sighting was on the year 1820. 2.) Polar bears could survive for long time without eating for at least 5 months. 3.) Antartica's ice is melting sense the year 1920 to 2000. 4.) Many rainfall are falling into the ice and also melts to. 5.) To many animals live there like the arctic fox. <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 6557.5px; width: 1px;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif-light,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">place or position (something) in a niche <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 7675px; width: 1px;"> And the MAIN reasons for this to happen is for 2 reasons and 2 things ONLY: Us (as in people in general) and Global Warming...  <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 7977.5px; width: 1px;"> <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 7923px; width: 1px;"> ==== 1